At around 10 a.m. on the 25th, a fire broke out in a printing and dyeing factory at No. 179 Shuangzhuxia, Huayang Village, Jinfeng Town, Changle District, Fuzhou, and people were trapped at the scene. According to preliminary information, currently, the Fuzhou Fire Rescue Detachment has dispatched 21 fire trucks and 120 officers and men to the scene to fight the fire.
Matters to note when starting construction: Attached are fire safety guidelines related to textile printing and dyeing
1. Light textile printing and dyeing Industry Fire Characteristics
The light textile printing and dyeing industry has the characteristics of dense personnel, large fire load, difficulty in evacuation of materials after a fire, and difficulty in fire fighting. The requirements for fire fighting are quite high.
2. Causes of fires in the light textile printing and dyeing industry
01 Open flame fire
Common fires include improper use of electric welding, gas welding, blowtorches, electric furnaces, etc., and improper smoking and fires.
02 Electrical short circuit fire
The light textile printing and dyeing industry has a lot of electrical equipment and long lines are prone to this. Short circuits can cause fires, especially if wires and equipment have been used for a long time and are aging.
03 Fire caused by lightning strike
If there is no lightning protection device or poor grounding during lightning, it is caused by Fires also occur from time to time.
04 Static electricity fire
High-voltage static electricity caused by the accumulation of fibers and dust in the air will generate Fire hazard. It often occurs in dust-concentrated workshops, dust rooms, and places where high-impedance materials such as hemp and synthetic fibers are used, and the humidity in the workshop is too low.
3. Existing outstanding fire hazards
01 Printing and dyeing process
The printing and dyeing production process is based on the variety, specifications, and The requirements for finished products are different, and the process flow is somewhat different, but the dyeing process generally includes: white blank – singeing – deboiling and bleaching – mercerization – pre-shaping – color rolling (priming) – reduction soaping – shaping – pre-shrinking – inspection —Finished product. The printing process roughly includes: white blank – singeing – deboiling – oxygen bleaching – mercerization – pre-shaping – color rolling (base color) – pattern design – tracing – plate making – printing – steaming – washing – shaping – calendering – Pre-shrunk – finished product. Whether it is dyeing or printing, both include singeing and setting, two processes that are prone to fires. At the same time, in the pre-treatment process of deboiling and bleaching, dangerous chemicals such as insurance powder, hydrogen peroxide, strong acids and alkalis need to be used. These chemicals Some are flammable by themselves, and some react with other substances to cause combustion.
02 Printing and dyeing singeing process
There are many fluffs on the surface of the printing and dyeing raw material gray cloth in the singeing process. In order not to affect the printing and dyeing quality, the fluff must be removed first. Singeing is the process of burning off the fluff on the surface of the gray fabric using a singeing machine. At present, singeing mainly uses gas singeing, which mainly removes the fluff on the cloth surface through flames. The degree of singeing is determined by the distance between the fire and the cloth, the size of the fire, and the speed of the cloth. The process is divided into cloth feeding – brushing – singeing – fire extinguishing – cloth dropping. Since there is an open flame during singeing, if the operation is not careful, such as the cloth speed is too slow, the temperature is too high and the time is too long, it will cause the gray cloth to burn. In addition, once the gas pipeline or gas bottle leaks, it may lead to fire and explosion accidents.
03 Setting process
In order to ensure that the printed and dyed fabrics are well processed during post-processing To improve the stability, wrinkle resistance, and feel, a setting machine is required to shape the fabric to eliminate the internal stress and wrinkles caused by the fabric in the previous process. The working principle of the setting machine is: the fabric is dipped in the trough with stabilizers and other printing and dyeing auxiliaries, and is evenly pressed by the rollers before entering the oven. When the fabric passes through the oven, it will be dried and set under the action of high-temperature hot air. The set cloth has good Feel and stability. Due to the high temperature inside the setting machine, there is a lot of velvet and oil accumulation, which poses a great risk of fire.
The main reasons are: First, the setting machine uses thermal oil and electric heating as heat sources. The leakage of thermal oil and the failure of the electric heating temperature control device can easily cause fires. Second, the fabric is heated in the oven of the setting machine to produce organic oil (from the previous process), which mixes with the flying flowers and fiber particles produced on the surface of the fabric to form oil dirt, which accumulates for a long time and can easily cause a fire in the oven. Third, some fabrics, especially chemical fibers, generate static electricity through mechanical friction, and the voltage can be as high as tens of thousands of volts, which can easily cause static sparks, thus��Cause a fire.
04 Printing and dyeing auxiliaries
Printing and dyeing auxiliaries refer to the fabrics used in the printing and dyeing process to improve the processing technology and increase operating efficiency. , auxiliary chemicals added to improve fabric quality and related performance indicators. There are hundreds of types of printing and dyeing auxiliaries, many of which are flammable and dangerous chemicals, such as organic solvents acetone, insurance powder, etc. There are also some printing and dyeing auxiliaries that are non-flammable but produce flammable gas after reaction. , such as sulfur dyes, insoluble azo dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, oxidants, strong acids, strong bases, etc.
4. How to do a good job in fire safety after resumption of work
01 Strictly implement the main responsibility for fire safety
It is necessary to strictly implement the unit’s main responsibility for fire safety, abide by fire laws and regulations, implement job responsibilities, organize a fire safety inspection, promptly investigate various fire hazards, conduct a comprehensive overhaul of fire protection facilities and equipment, and ensure that all fire protection equipment Complete and easy to use. Strengthen fire safety protection in key areas, and special operation operators must hold certificates to work.
02 Pay attention to the control of key links
The singeing room is the fire prevention work in the light textile printing and dyeing industry The key point is that the factory building structure should comply with fire protection regulations and should reach at least the secondary fire-resistant building level, and must be fire-proof separated from other parts. The walls should be fireproof walls and the doors should be Class A fire doors to prevent the spread of fire. When singeing, the cloth speed of the fabric should be reasonably controlled, the transmission device and the heater should be linked, and an automatic alarm should be issued if the speed is too fast or too slow to prevent the fabric from catching fire after being heated for too long. The singeing machine should have good dust removal, smoke exhaust and exhaust facilities. The gas pipeline should be equipped with a combustible gas alarm device, which is linked to the cut-off valve. The singeing machine should be equipped with an automatic gas stop device, which can immediately cut off the gas source when shutting down.
03 Keep safety exits and evacuation passages clear
Keep safety exits and evacuation passages clear, It must not be blocked, occupied or closed. It is not allowed to park electric bicycles or pile up debris in evacuation passages; it is strictly prohibited to charge electric vehicles in stairwells and evacuation passages.
04 Correctly set up a dangerous goods warehouse
Set up a dangerous goods warehouse to store dangerous printing and dyeing auxiliaries agent. The dangerous goods warehouse should be set up at the edge of the factory area, and no combustible materials should be piled within the fire safety distance. The warehouse should have doors, windows or equipment with good ventilation, heat dissipation, and moisture dissipation. To ensure that the warehouse is cool and dry, it must be protected from direct sunlight. The floor should prevent sparks from friction. Explosion-proof lighting fixtures should be used, and electrical power switches should be installed outside the warehouse. Warehouses should be equipped with good lightning protection facilities. At the same time, dangerous goods warehouses should have a strict access management system. Vehicles that produce sparks are prohibited from entering or approaching, and fireworks or carrying tinder are strictly prohibited.
05 Regularly carry out pipeline fire prevention inspection system
Regularly check the heat transfer oil in the oven of the setting machine For pipelines and temperature control devices, hire a qualified agency to inspect the pipelines. If there is oil leakage, it should be dealt with promptly; the oil stains and flying dust in the machine and exhaust pipes should be promptly removed (this measure is particularly important, and this is the cause of most setting machine fires. ) to eliminate fire hazards. Carry out technical transformation of the setting machine and add a steam pipe to the exhaust pipe (steam pipes are available in the light textile printing and dyeing industry). Once a fire occurs, the steam can be turned on to extinguish the fire; a wire mesh guard is installed on the heat sink to ensure that there is sufficient space between it and the heat sink. gap to prevent flying particles from falling on the heat sink and causing burning.
06 Do a good job in fire safety education for employees
Enterprises must conduct fire safety duties for new employees In addition, self-examination of hidden dangers and evacuation drills must be organized regularly to ensure that all employees are equipped with fire safety capabilities. </p
