1. Causes of fires in textile enterprises
According to statistics, there are different reasons for fires in textile companies, including:
1. Fire caused by open flame
Common fires include improper use of electric welding, gas welding, blowtorches, electric furnaces, etc., and improper smoking. The proportion of improper electric welding fires has increased this year.
2. Fire due to electrical short circuit
Cotton spinning factories have a lot of electrical equipment and long lines are prone to short circuits and fires. Especially when the wires and equipment are used for a long time, aging is more likely to occur.
3. The machine brakes and catches fire due to friction between parts
Machine rolling, winding, and constant friction due to lack of oil in the bearings cause heat and fire.
4. Fire caused by impact and collision of mechanical parts
For example, the frequency of sparks caused by thugs hitting metal objects and stones is also relatively high.
5. Fire caused by lightning strike
Fires often occur during lightning strikes if there is no lightning protection device or poor grounding.
6. Poor electrical contact causes sparks to catch fire
Common problems include poor contact of the orbital moving electrodes of the vehicle-mounted automatic doffing machine, causing sparks to ignite and cause fire hazards.
7. Static electricity fire
High-voltage static electricity caused by the accumulation of fibers and dust in the air can cause fires. It often occurs in workshops with concentrated dust, dust rooms and places where high-impedance raw materials such as hemp and synthetic fibers are used, and the humidity in the workshop is too low. It is reported that several static electricity fires have occurred in Harbin Flax Factory.
2. Fire prevention
Textile enterprises must do the following tasks for fire prevention:
1. Factory building and machine arrangement
Cotton mill buildings, warehouses and important places cannot use brick and wood structures and temporary simple houses. Roof fire sprinkler devices are recommended.
If the workshop and equipment machines need to be separated, fireproof materials must be used. Wood, general synthetic materials or plastics cannot be used. The workshop arrangement should have more than two main passages and entrances that meet the requirements. The building should have more than two elevators and fire safety passages. No debris should be pushed around the machine to ensure the smooth flow and safety of people and logistics.
2. Implement fire protection organizational measures
Large and medium-sized factories can organize business or quasi-full-time fire brigade, who will be on duty after education and training and be on duty 24 hours a day. They will be equipped with vehicles and necessary fire hydrants, water guns, fire extinguishers and other fire prevention equipment to ensure that the source of fireproof cement is smooth and effective. .
3. Establish a rapid fire alarm mechanism
The workshop should be equipped with special alarms and alarm telephones, and equipped with main communication equipment, so that fire hazards can be discovered in time and fires can be extinguished quickly. The workshop team should be equipped with part-time safety officers to call the police in a timely manner.
4. Workshops and important departments should be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment
Production workshops, warehouses, and key departments such as roller rooms, laboratories, cotton inspection rooms, air-conditioning rooms, power distribution rooms, cold air rooms, cotton storage rooms, and return rooms should be equipped with appropriate fire-extinguishing equipment, such as fire extinguishers, Water storage buckets, yellow sand buckets, etc.
5. Strictly control the use of open flames in the workshop
Smoking is strictly prohibited in the workshop, and open flames are not allowed. The use of open flames, such as electric welding, must be approved by the relevant departments and supervised by dedicated personnel.
6. Commonly used fire extinguishers
(1) Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers use CO2 gas in high-pressure cylinders as the fire extinguishing agent. They leave no traces after extinguishing the fire. They are suitable for extinguishing fires on valuable equipment, instrument files, computers, low-voltage electrical appliances and oils. Be careful not to touch the bell mouth with your fingers to prevent frostbite.
(2)Foam fire extinguisher
It is suitable for extinguishing fires involving flammable substances such as oil and banana water. It cannot extinguish fires caused by water-soluble flammable and flammable liquids, nor can it extinguish fires caused by electrical equipment that has cut off the power supply.
(3) Carbon tetroxide fire extinguisher
Suitable for fighting electrical fires below ten thousand volts and small-scale gasoline fires. Do not fight fires caused by chemical substances such as potassium metal, sodium and magnesium.
(4) Dry powder fire extinguisher
Suitable for extinguishing fires caused by oil combustible gas, electrical equipment and water-burning materials.
(5)1211 fire extinguisher
It is a highly efficient fire extinguisher that does not contaminate items or leave traces when extinguishing fire. It is especially suitable for fires involving precision instruments, equipment, cultural relics and archives, and is also suitable for oil fire extinguishing.
(6) Water fire extinguisher
Its main function is to spray water for cooling. It can only extinguish general solids such as bamboo, wood, textiles, etc., but cannot extinguish liquid and electrical fires.
7. Establish a dangerous goods warehouse and strengthen management
Inflammable and explosive chemicals such as alcohol, gasoline, lubricating grease, banana water, and various glues in factories should be stored in a dedicated dangerous goods warehouse and have dedicated personnel responsible for management.
8. The blowroom cotton production line is equipped with fire safety devices
The blowroom cotton production line is the equipment most prone to fire alarms in cotton spinning mills and should be equipped with bridge-type iron absorbers and heavy object (foreign object) separators. Mars detector (such as infrared sensor, etc.) fire protection device.
9. Develop fire handling procedures for each machine to prevent the spread of flames
(1) In general, if a fire occurs, the power must be cut off first and the surrounding flammable materials must be removed.
(2) After the fire is extinguished, the remaining fire must be inspected to prevent resurgence.
(3) If the fire in the spinning frame is large, pull out the roving and empty the frame. If necessary, remove the roving, and remove debris and flammable objects near the fire. If there is a fire at the rear of the frame, it cannot be dismantled. Suction box to prevent flames from being sucked into the main suction pipe.
(4) If the fire has been introduced into the suction main air duct and burned, the machine should be stopped immediately and drilled into the air duct to put out the fire.
(5) If a fire breaks out in a small area, you can use a yellow sand bucket or water-soaked sandbag to extinguish the fire
(6) If the spun yarn spindle belt falls into the drum joint and wraps around the drum or drum, the machine must be shut down and cleared immediately to prevent friction and fire.
(7) It is strictly forbidden to use water or foam fire extinguishers to extinguish electrical equipment fires.
10. Do a good job in cleaning the workshop and machine to reduce flying dust. Clean the workshop, machine and surrounding environment well to reduce flying dust and grease, prevent the accumulation of dust, and reduce the expansion of fire hazards.
11. Do daily maintenance of equipment
Do a good job in daily maintenance of the machine, remove oil accumulation, rolling brakes and heat in textile spindles and bearings, and reduce entanglement of fibers and yarns. Electrical equipment should be inspected periodically to prevent overheating, aging, overuse and overload operation, and the use of normal current protectors.
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