01 Definition of new fiber
The reason why new fiber is called new fiber is mainly because the shape, performance or other aspects of the fiber are different from the original traditional fiber, and in order to adapt to production, Life needs to be improved in some aspects with fiber. New fibers emerged under the condition that traditional fibers no longer meet people’s needs in certain aspects and solve some of the shortcomings of traditional fibers. They reflect people’s increasing requirements for textile materials.
02 Prospects for the Development of New Fibers
With people’s increasing awareness of environmental protection, and With the current development status of new fibers, it is not difficult to see that the development trend of new fibers is now developing in the direction of diversification, novelty and environmental protection. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the defects of certain fibers themselves, people are not only satisfied with the currently developed fibers, but also pursue diversification in fiber materials; the development of new products for various fabrics requires the emergence of various new fibers, which requires The novelty of new fibers; due to the great environmental problems caused by the production process of chemical fibers and waste fibers, this requires the development of new fibers in the future to be environmentally friendly.
In addition, the development of new textile fibers depends on the level of polymer science, and my country’s current level of polymer science development is low, which leads to Many high-performance materials and high value-added products need to be imported. For example, the production of medical sutures and high-performance artificial blood vessels is almost blank in our country. To this end, scientific researchers should devote themselves to developing various high-performance polymer materials to promote the development and application of new textile fibers.
03 Significance of new fiber development
The application of new textile materials gives vitality to the traditional textile industry , coupled with the advancement of textile mechatronics, intelligence and new production processes, this ancient industry is full of vitality and rejuvenated. The continuous development and use of new natural fibers not only saves energy such as oil, but also reduces environmental pollution. Natural fibers have a certain affinity for the human body. Some natural fibers also have medical and health care functions. As people advocate nature and return to nature, The pursuit of nature continues to grow, and the development and use of natural fibers is increased, giving it a broader market prospect.
04 Classification of new fibers
New fibers can be divided into new natural fibers and new cellulose fibers , regenerated protein fiber, water-soluble fiber, functional fiber, differentiated fiber, high-performance fiber and highly sensitive fiber, etc.
1. New natural fibers New natural fibers mainly include natural colored cotton and modified wool. Ordinary cotton fabrics need to go through chemical bleaching and dyeing processes to become colorful. Textiles made of natural colored cotton can have colorful colors without chemical dyeing and finishing processes. They can be said to be green and environmentally friendly products in the true sense. Currently, natural colored cotton is mainly There are three series of colored cottons: brown, green and brown. As people become more and more interested in green textiles and consumption, great hopes have been placed on the use of natural colored cotton.
Modified wool is processed through wool deformation, so that the diameter of the wool fiber can be reduced to 0.5-1μm, the hand feel becomes soft and delicate, the hygroscopicity, wear resistance, heat preservation, dyeing performance, etc. are improved, and the luster becomes brighter .
2. New cellulose fiber New cellulose fiber is known as the “green fiber” of the 21st century. It has soft hand feel, good drape, mercerized luster, moisture absorption and breathability, Antistatic and high wet strength. New fibers mainly include Lyocell, model, riche, etc. New cellulose fiber and other fiber blended products are increasingly expanding, breaking through the pattern of viscose fiber being mainly used in carded woolen fabrics. It is used in the development of worsted products and knitwear to improve product quality and is suitable for making women’s clothing and casual clothing.
3. Regenerated protein fiber Regenerated protein fiber is spun from protein solution extracted from natural animal milk or plants. Among them, soybean protein fiber has low monofilament linear density, low density, high strength and elongation, good acid and alkali resistance, soft feel, wool-like feel, silk-like soft luster, cotton fiber’s moisture absorption and moisture conductivity, and It is comfortable to wear and has the warmth of wool, but has poor heat resistance and the fiber itself is beige. In addition, soybean protein fiber has wide adaptability and has good blending effects with cotton, wool, silk, acrylic, polyester, Tencel, etc. Wool-type products have better style, women’s clothing fabrics have better style, and cotton-type fabrics are ideal medium-thick clothing fabrics.
Silkworm pupa protein fiber is purified and prepared into a solution, blended with viscose in proportion, and wet-spun to form a protein-containing fiber with a skin-core structure. The fiber has good hygroscopicity and air permeability, soft hand feel and good drape, but its wet strength is low, and the fiber itself appears dark yellow, which will affect the brightness of the color of the textile.
Nano antibacterial regenerated protein fiber dissolves pig hair, wool and other waste hair, is purified and modified, and is blended with cotton pulp, wood pulp or bamboo pulp solution during spinning. �Nanoscale iron dioxide is added and wet-spun to produce an antibacterial regenerated protein fiber.
4. Water-soluble fiber Water-soluble fiber refers to a kind of excessive technical fiber among textile fibers. It uses a fiber that can be dissolved in water under certain process conditions. , this fiber is mostly used to blend with other fibers, which can make the fluffy yarn count of textile yarn fabrics thinner, making the fabric soft, light and fluffy. It mainly includes water-soluble vinylon, water-soluble PVA, water-soluble K-II, etc., and is mainly used for companion spinning. Craftsmanship.
The advantages of water-soluble fiber companion spinning are: ① Low raw material cost, water-soluble PVA fiber. For companion spinning, ordinary wool can be used to spin low linear density, light and thin products; ② The textile efficiency is high, and water-soluble fiber companion spinning is used to reduce yarn breakage, increase yarn strength, reduce unevenness, and reduce defects; ③ The fabric is of high quality and water-soluble fiber is used for companion spinning After blending with sex fibers, the fabric’s smoothness, fluffiness, and overall style value (THV) are all improved.
5. Functional fibers Functional fibers are divided into three categories: the first category is to modify conventional synthetic fibers to overcome their inherent shortcomings; the second category is for natural fibers and The properties that chemical fibers do not originally have are endowed with additional properties such as heat storage, conductivity, water absorption, hygroscopicity, antibacterial, deodorization, aroma, and flame retardancy through chemical and physical modification methods, making them more suitable for human wearing comfort and decorative applications; The third category has special functions, such as high-strength, high-modulus, heat-resistant, and flame-retardant high-performance fibers. It mainly includes organic conductive fiber, elastic fiber, anti-UV fiber, antibacterial and deodorant fiber, negative ion fiber, chitin fiber, high moisture absorption fiber, etc. High-functional fibers are mainly used in certain aspects of production and life, and their functions are particularly outstanding in these aspects.
6. Differentiated fibers refer to chemical fibers that are different from ordinary conventional properties. That is, through the use of chemical or physical means, their structure, shape and other characteristics are changed, thus having Chemical fibers with one or more special functions. Mainly include cationic high shrinkage fiber, special-shaped fiber, two-component low melting point fiber, composite ultrafine fiber, high moisture absorption and moisture permeability fiber, anti-pilling fiber, colored fiber, optical fiber, activated carbon fiber, ion exchange fiber, ultrafine fiber sheet Materials, nanofibers and multifunctional composite fibers with high flame retardancy, anti-melt droplet, high moisture conductivity, antistatic, conductive, antibacterial, deodorant, and radiation protection.
7. High-performance fiber High-performance fiber is a special fiber with mechanical properties and a strength of 18cN/dtex and an initial modulus of 441cN/dtex. The main varieties include organic fiber para-aramid, fully aromatic polyester, ultra-high molecular weight high-strength polyethylene fiber, etc. Inorganic fibers are mainly carbon fibers. High-performance fibers have good tensile properties, shear properties, fatigue resistance, good thermal insulation and heat dissipation properties, etc. Different high-performance fibers focus on different properties.
8. Highly sensitive fiber Highly sensitive fiber refers to a type of fiber among high-functional fibers that has special contributions to the feel, style, touch, texture and appearance of finished products. In terms of the wearing performance of the final product, it may have a unique style, or be better than natural fiber, or achieve special wearing functions. It is a “new synthetic fiber”, “super simulation fiber”, “super natural fiber” and various subsequent new types of wearing. The general name of fiber, also known as new sensory fiber.
05 New fiber development trends
Under the influence of the global sustainable development strategy, many countries They are all committed to researching new fibers that do not affect the ecological environment and can utilize ecological resources. It is also proposed that new fiber materials must pass toxicology tests, have corresponding signs, and comply with environmental protection, ecology, and human health requirements. The new type of textile materials has become a development direction that the world is paying attention to. Using green raw materials to develop ecological fibers, using biotechnology to develop degradable fibers, and choosing resource-saving and recyclable fiber raw materials have become the current trend in the development of new textile materials.
Using green raw materials to develop new fibers Using green raw materials to develop new fibers has become the main way to obtain new textile materials and a hot spot in research and development. From edible bananas, wheat, soybeans, corn, milk, shrimps, crabs, etc. to wood, insects, and spiders, they have become sources of new fiber materials. Today’s green raw materials include original natural substances, extracts based on natural substances and reprocessed products of original fibers.
Circular materials means that the raw materials and energy used are rationally utilized in continuous cycles, saving ecological resources. Modern textiles require materials that can be recycled, regenerated, and developed sustainably. Therefore, the development and utilization of recycled materials should be the development trend of new materials in the future. Natural fiber materials are a huge regenerative biopolymer resource on the earth. As a resource recycling material that “comes from nature and returns to nature”, it has irreplaceable development advantages.
Man-made fiber materials are traditional textile materials. Most of their raw materials are natural and renewable non-petroleum resources, which meets the needs of sustainable development. Synthetic fibers are mostly petroleum compounds, and petroleum is a primary resource, and conventional synthetic fibers are non-renewable and non-degradable. At present, how to recycle synthetic fibers is the focus of ecological materials research. It is also the most active waste treatment method to control environmental pollution, save resources and energy, and promote the recycling of synthetic materials. Raw material recycling for polymer and fiber recovery and chemical recycling systems for monomer recovery have been developed. Returning to nature and adapting to the environment are the general development trends of textile materials.
The development of ecological textile materials provides guarantee for protecting the living environment and achieving sustainable development of the textile industry, and meets the requirements of the green and environmentally friendly era of the 21st century. With the civilization and progress of society, it can be considered that the future textile industry will be a green ecological industry.
It is the most active waste treatment method that reduces environmental pollution, saves resources and energy, and promotes the recycling of synthetic materials. Raw material recycling for polymer and fiber recovery and chemical recycling systems for monomer recovery have been developed. Returning to nature and adapting to the environment are the general development trends of textile materials.
The development of ecological textile materials provides guarantee for protecting the living environment and achieving sustainable development of the textile industry, and meets the requirements of the green and environmentally friendly era of the 21st century. With the civilization and progress of society, it can be considered that the future textile industry will be a green ecological industry. </p
